@inproceedings{eisele2022Decentralized,
author = {Eisele, Scott and Wilbur, Michael and Eghtesad, Taha and Silvergold, Kevin and Eisele, Fred and Mukhopadhyay, Ayan and Laszka, Aron and Dubey, Abhishek},
booktitle = {2022 IEEE International Conference on Cloud Engineering (IC2E)},
title = {Decentralized Computation Market for Stream Processing Applications},
year = {2022},
volume = {},
issn = {},
pages = {},
doi = {},
publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
address = {Pacific Grove, CA, USA},
month = oct
}
Scott Eisele Publications
- S. Eisele, M. Wilbur, T. Eghtesad, K. Silvergold, F. Eisele, A. Mukhopadhyay, A. Laszka, and A. Dubey, Decentralized Computation Market for Stream Processing Applications, in 2022 IEEE International Conference on Cloud Engineering (IC2E), Pacific Grove, CA, USA, 2022.
While cloud computing is the current standard for outsourcing computation, it can be prohibitively expensive for cities and infrastructure operators to deploy services. At the same time, there are underutilized computing resources within cities and local edge-computing deployments. Using these slack resources may enable significantly lower pricing than comparable cloud computing; such resources would incur minimal marginal expenditure since their deployment and operation are mostly sunk costs. However, there are challenges associated with using these resources. First, they are not effectively aggregated or provisioned. Second, there is a lack of trust between customers and suppliers of computing resources, given that they are distinct stakeholders and behave according to their own interests. Third, delays in processing inputs may diminish the value of the applications. To resolve these challenges, we introduce an architecture combining a distributed trusted computing mechanism, such as a blockchain, with an efficient messaging system like Apache Pulsar. Using this architecture, we design a decentralized computation market where customers and suppliers make offers to deploy and host applications. The proposed architecture can be realized using any trusted computing mechanism that supports smart contracts, and any messaging framework with the necessary features. This combination ensures that the market is robust without incurring the input processing delays that limit other blockchain based solutions. We evaluate the market protocol using game-theoretic analysis to show that deviation from the protocol is discouraged. Finally, we assess the performance of a prototype implementation based on experiments with a streaming computer-vision application.
- S. Eisele, T. Eghtesad, K. Campanelli, P. Agrawal, A. Laszka, and A. Dubey, Safe and Private Forward-Trading Platform for Transactive Microgrids, ACM Trans. Cyber-Phys. Syst., vol. 5, no. 1, Jan. 2021.
@article{eisele2020Safe, author = {Eisele, Scott and Eghtesad, Taha and Campanelli, Keegan and Agrawal, Prakhar and Laszka, Aron and Dubey, Abhishek}, title = {Safe and Private Forward-Trading Platform for Transactive Microgrids}, year = {2021}, issue_date = {January 2021}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, tag = {decentralization, power}, issn = {2378-962X}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3403711}, doi = {10.1145/3403711}, journal = {ACM Trans. Cyber-Phys. Syst.}, month = jan, articleno = {8}, numpages = {29}, keywords = {privacy, cyber-physical system, decentralized application, smart contract, transactive energy, Smart grid, distributed ledger, blockchain} }Transactive microgrids have emerged as a transformative solution for the problems faced by distribution system operators due to an increase in the use of distributed energy resources and rapid growth in renewable energy generation. Transactive microgrids are tightly coupled cyber and physical systems, which require resilient and robust financial markets where transactions can be submitted and cleared, while ensuring that erroneous or malicious transactions cannot destabilize the grid. In this paper, we introduce TRANSAX, a novel decentralized platform for transactive microgrids. TRANSAX enables participants to trade in an energy futures market, which improves efficiency by finding feasible matches for energy trades, reducing the load on the distribution system operator. TRANSAX provides privacy to participants by anonymizing their trading activity using a distributed mixing service, while also enforcing constraints that limit trading activity based on safety requirements, such as keeping power flow below line capacity. We show that TRANSAX can satisfy the seemingly conflicting requirements of efficiency, safety, and privacy, and we demonstrate its performance using simulation results.
- P. Ghosh, S. Eisele, A. Dubey, M. Metelko, I. Madari, P. Volgyesi, and G. Karsai, Designing a decentralized fault-tolerant software framework for smart grids and its applications, Journal of Systems Architecture, vol. 109, p. 101759, 2020.
@article{GHOSH2020101759, author = {Ghosh, Purboday and Eisele, Scott and Dubey, Abhishek and Metelko, Mary and Madari, Istvan and Volgyesi, Peter and Karsai, Gabor}, title = {Designing a decentralized fault-tolerant software framework for smart grids and its applications}, journal = {Journal of Systems Architecture}, year = {2020}, volume = {109}, pages = {101759}, tag = {platform}, issn = {1383-7621}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sysarc.2020.101759}, keywords = {Component, Fault tolerance, Distributed systems, Smart grid}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383762120300539} }The vision of the ‘Smart Grid’ anticipates a distributed real-time embedded system that implements various monitoring and control functions. As the reliability of the power grid is critical to modern society, the software supporting the grid must support fault tolerance and resilience of the resulting cyber-physical system. This paper describes the fault-tolerance features of a software framework called Resilient Information Architecture Platform for Smart Grid (RIAPS). The framework supports various mechanisms for fault detection and mitigation and works in concert with the applications that implement the grid-specific functions. The paper discusses the design philosophy for and the implementation of the fault tolerance features and presents an application example to show how it can be used to build highly resilient systems.
- S. Eisele, C. Barreto, A. Dubey, X. Koutsoukos, T. Eghtesad, A. Laszka, and A. Mavridou, Blockchains for Transactive Energy Systems: Opportunities, Challenges, and Approaches, IEEE Computer, 2020.
@article{eisele2020Blockchains, author = {Eisele, Scott and Barreto, Carlos and Dubey, Abhishek and Koutsoukos, Xenofon and Eghtesad, Taha and Laszka, Aron and Mavridou, Anastasia}, title = {Blockchains for Transactive Energy Systems: Opportunities, Challenges, and Approaches}, journal = {IEEE Computer}, year = {2020}, tag = {platform,decentralization,power} }The emergence of blockchains and smart contracts have renewed interest in electrical cyber-physical systems, especially in the area of transactive energy systems. However, despite recent advances, there remain significant challenges that impede the practical adoption of blockchains in transactive energy systems, which include implementing complex market mechanisms in smart contracts, ensuring safety of the power system, and protecting residential consumers’ privacy. To address these challenges, we present TRANSAX, a blockchain-based transactive energy system that provides an efficient, safe, and privacy-preserving market built on smart contracts. Implementation and deployment of TRANSAX in a verifiably correct and efficient way is based on VeriSolid, a framework for the correct-by-construction development of smart contracts, and RIAPS, a middleware for resilient distributed power systems
- S. Eisele, T. Eghtesad, N. Troutman, A. Laszka, and A. Dubey, Mechanisms for Outsourcing Computation via a Decentralized Market, in 14TH ACM International Conference on Distributed and Event Based Systems, 2020.
@inproceedings{eisele2020mechanisms, title = {Mechanisms for Outsourcing Computation via a Decentralized Market}, author = {Eisele, Scott and Eghtesad, Taha and Troutman, Nicholas and Laszka, Aron and Dubey, Abhishek}, year = {2020}, tag = {platform,decentralization}, booktitle = {14TH ACM International Conference on Distributed and Event Based Systems}, keywords = {transactive}, category = {selectiveconference} }As the number of personal computing and IoT devices grows rapidly, so does the amount of computational power that is available at the edge. Since many of these devices are often idle, there is a vast amount of computational power that is currently untapped, and which could be used for outsourcing computation. Existing solutions for harnessing this power, such as volunteer computing (e.g., BOINC), are centralized platforms in which a single organization or company can control participation and pricing. By contrast, an open market of computational resources, where resource owners and resource users trade directly with each other, could lead to greater participation and more competitive pricing. To provide an open market, we introduce MODiCuM, a decentralized system for outsourcing computation. MODiCuM deters participants from misbehaving-which is a key problem in decentralized systems-by resolving disputes via dedicated mediators and by imposing enforceable fines. However, unlike other decentralized outsourcing solutions, MODiCuM minimizes computational overhead since it does not require global trust in mediation results. We provide analytical results proving that MODiCuM can deter misbehavior, and we evaluate the overhead of MODiCuM using experimental results based on an implementation of our platform.
- C. Barreto, T. Eghtesad, S. Eisele, A. Laszka, A. Dubey, and X. Koutsoukos, Cyber-Attacks and Mitigation in Blockchain Based Transactive Energy Systems, in 3rd IEEE International Conference on IndustrialCyber-Physical Systems (ICPS 2020), 2020.
@inproceedings{barretocyber2020, author = {Barreto, Carlos and Eghtesad, Taha and Eisele, Scott and Laszka, Aron and Dubey, Abhishek and Koutsoukos, Xenofon}, title = {Cyber-Attacks and Mitigation in Blockchain Based Transactive Energy Systems}, booktitle = {3rd IEEE International Conference on IndustrialCyber-Physical Systems (ICPS 2020)}, year = {2020}, category = {selectiveconference}, keywords = {transactive}, project = {cps-reliability}, tag = {decentralization,power} }Power grids are undergoing major changes due to the rapid adoption of intermittent renewable energy resources and the increased availability of energy storage devices. These trends drive smart-grid operators to envision a future where peer-to-peer energy trading occurs within microgrids, leading to the development of Transactive Energy Systems. Blockchains have garnered significant interest from both academia and industry for their potential application in decentralized TES, in large part due to their high level of resilience. In this paper, we introduce a novel class of attacks against blockchain based TES, which target the gateways that connect market participants to the system. We introduce a general model of blockchain based TES and study multiple threat models and attack strategies. We also demonstrate the impact of these attacks using a testbed based on GridLAB-D and a private Ethereum network. Finally, we study how to mitigate these attack.
- Y. Zhang, S. Eisele, A. Dubey, A. Laszka, and A. K. Srivastava, Cyber-Physical Simulation Platform for Security Assessment of Transactive Energy Systems, in 7th Workshop on Modeling and Simulation of Cyber-Physical Energy Systems, MSCPES@CPSIoTWeek 2019, Montreal, QC, Canada, 2019, pp. 1–6.
@inproceedings{Zhang2019a, author = {Zhang, Yue and Eisele, Scott and Dubey, Abhishek and Laszka, Aron and Srivastava, Anurag K.}, title = {Cyber-Physical Simulation Platform for Security Assessment of Transactive Energy Systems}, booktitle = {7th Workshop on Modeling and Simulation of Cyber-Physical Energy Systems, MSCPES@CPSIoTWeek 2019, Montreal, QC, Canada}, year = {2019}, pages = {1--6}, bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}, biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/bib/conf/cpsweek/ZhangEDLS19}, category = {workshop}, doi = {10.1109/MSCPES.2019.8738802}, file = {:Zhang2019a-Cyber_Physical_Simulation_Platform_for_Security_Assessment_of_Transactive_Energy_Systems.pdf:PDF}, keywords = {transactive}, project = {transactive-energy,cps-reliability}, tag = {platform,decentralization,power}, timestamp = {Wed, 16 Oct 2019 14:14:56 +0200}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/MSCPES.2019.8738802} }Transactive energy systems (TES) are emerging as a transformative solution for the problems that distribution system operators face due to an increase in the use of distributed energy resources and rapid growth in scalability of managing active distribution system (ADS). On the one hand, these changes pose a decentralized power system control problem, requiring strategic control to maintain reliability and resiliency for the community and for the utility. On the other hand, they require robust financial markets while allowing participation from diverse prosumers. To support the computing and flexibility requirements of TES while preserving privacy and security, distributed software platforms are required. In this paper, we enable the study and analysis of security concerns by developing Transactive Energy Security Simulation Testbed (TESST), a TES testbed for simulating various cyber attacks. In this work, the testbed is used for TES simulation with centralized clearing market, highlighting weaknesses in a centralized system. Additionally, we present a blockchain enabled decentralized market solution supported by distributed computing for TES, which on one hand can alleviate some of the problems that we identify, but on the other hand, may introduce newer issues. Future study of these differing paradigms is necessary and will continue as we develop our security simulation testbed.
- A. Laszka, A. Mavridou, S. Eisele, E. Statchtiari, and A. Dubey, VeriSolid for TRANSAX: Correct-by-Design Ethereum Smart Contracts for Energy Trading, in First International Summer School on Security and Privacy for Blockchains and Distributed Ledger Technologies, BDLT 2019, Vienna, Austria, 2019.
@inproceedings{LaszkaVerisolid2019, author = {Laszka, Aron and Mavridou, Anastasia and Eisele, Scott and Statchtiari, Emmanouela and Dubey, Abhishek}, title = {VeriSolid for TRANSAX: Correct-by-Design Ethereum Smart Contracts for Energy Trading}, booktitle = {First International Summer School on Security and Privacy for Blockchains and Distributed Ledger Technologies, BDLT 2019, Vienna, Austria}, year = {2019}, month = sep, category = {workshop}, file = {:LaszkaVerisolid2019Poster.pdf:PDF}, keywords = {blockchain, transactive}, project = {cps-blockchains,transactive-energy}, tag = {platform,decentralization,power} }The adoption of blockchain based platforms is rising rapidly. Their popularity is explained by their ability to maintain a distributed public ledger, providing reliability, integrity, and auditability with- out a trusted entity. Recent platforms, e.g., Ethereum, also act as distributed computing platforms and enable the creation of smart contracts, i.e., software code that runs on the platform and automatically executes and enforces the terms of a contract. Since smart contracts can perform any computation, they allow the develop- ment of decentralized applications, whose execution is safeguarded by the security properties of the underlying platform. Due to their unique advantages, blockchain based platforms are envisioned to have a wide range of applications, ranging from financial to the Internet-of-Things. However, the trustworthiness of the platform guarantees only that a smart contract is executed correctly, not that the code of the contract is correct. In fact, a large number of contracts deployed in practice suffer from software vulnerabilities, which are often introduced due to the semantic gap between the assumptions that contract writers make about the underlying execution semantics and the actual semantics of smart contracts. A recent automated analysis of 19,336 smart contracts deployed in practice found that 8,333 of them suffered from at least one security issue. Although this study was based on smart contracts deployed on the public Ethereum blockchain, the analyzed security issues were largely plat- form agnostic. Security vulnerabilities in smart contracts present a serious issue for two main reasons. Firstly, smart-contract bugs cannot be patched. By design, once a contract is deployed, its func- tionality cannot be altered even by its creator. Secondly, once a faulty or malicious transaction is recorded, it cannot be removed from the blockchain (“code is law” principle). The only way to roll back a transaction is by performing a hard fork of the blockchain, which requires consensus among the stakeholders and undermines the trustworthiness of the platform. In light of this, it is crucial to ensure that a smart contract is se- cure before deploying it and trusting it with significant amounts of cryptocurrency. To this end, we present the VeriSolid framework for the formal verification and generation of contracts that are specified using a transition-system based model with rigorous operational semantics. VeriSolid provides an end-to-end design framework, which combined with a Solidity code generator, allows the correct- by-design development of Ethereum smart contracts. To the best of our knowledge, VeriSolid is the first framework to promote a model- based, correctness-by-design approach for blockchain-based smart contracts. Properties established at any step of the VeriSolid design flow are preserved in the resulting smart contracts, guaranteeing their correctness. VeriSolid fully automates the process of verifica- tion and code generation, while enhancing usability by providing easy-to-use graphical editors for the specification of transition sys- tems and natural-like language templates for the specification of formal properties. By performing verification early at design time, VeriSolid provides a cost-effective approach since fixing bugs later in the development process can be very expensive. Our verification approach can detect typical vulnerabilities, but it may also detect any violation of required properties. Since our tool applies verifi- cation at a high-level, it can provide meaningful feedback to the developer when a property is not satisfied, which would be much harder to do at bytecode level. We present the application of VeriSolid on smart contracts used in Smart Energy Systems such as transactive energy platforms. In particular, we used VeriSolid to design and generate the smart contract that serves as the core of the TRANSAX blockchain-based platform for trading energy futures. The designed smart contract allows energy producers and consumers to post offers for selling and buying energy. Since optimally matching selling offers with buying offers can be very expensive computationally, the contract relies on external solvers to compute and submit solutions to the matching problem, which are then checked by the contract. Using VeriSolid, we defined a set of safety properties and we were able to detect bugs after performing analysis with the NuSMV model checker.
- P. Ghosh, S. Eisele, A. Dubey, M. Metelko, I. Madari, P. Völgyesi, and G. Karsai, On the Design of Fault-Tolerance in a Decentralized Software Platform for Power Systems, in IEEE 22nd International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing, ISORC 2019, Valencia, Spain, 2019, pp. 52–60.
@inproceedings{Ghosh2019, author = {Ghosh, Purboday and Eisele, Scott and Dubey, Abhishek and Metelko, Mary and Madari, Istv{\'{a}}n and V{\"{o}}lgyesi, P{\'{e}}ter and Karsai, Gabor}, title = {On the Design of Fault-Tolerance in a Decentralized Software Platform for Power Systems}, booktitle = {{IEEE} 22nd International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing, {ISORC} 2019, Valencia, Spain}, year = {2019}, pages = {52--60}, bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}, biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/bib/conf/isorc/GhoshEDMMVK19}, category = {selectiveconference}, doi = {10.1109/ISORC.2019.00018}, file = {:Ghosh2019-On_the_Design_of_Fault-Tolerance_in_a_Decentralized_Software_Platform_for_Power_Systems.pdf:PDF}, keywords = {middleware}, project = {cps-middleware,cps-reliability}, tag = {platform,decentralization,power}, timestamp = {Wed, 16 Oct 2019 14:14:53 +0200}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2019.00018} }The vision of the ‘Smart Grid’ assumes a distributed real-time embedded system that implements various monitoring and control functions. As the reliability of the power grid is critical to modern society, the software supporting the grid must support fault tolerance and resilience in the resulting cyber-physical system. This paper describes the fault-tolerance features of a software framework called Resilient Information Architecture Platform for Smart Grid (RIAPS). The framework supports various mechanisms for fault detection and mitigation and works in concert with the applications that implement the grid-specific functions. The paper discusses the design philosophy for and the implementation of the fault tolerance features and presents an application example to show how it can be used to build highly resilient systems.
- S. Eisele, P. Ghosh, K. Campanelli, A. Dubey, and G. Karsai, Demo: Transactive Energy Application with RIAPS, in IEEE 22nd International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing, ISORC 2019, Valencia, Spain, May 7-9, 2019, 2019, pp. 85–86.
@inproceedings{Eisele2019, author = {Eisele, Scott and Ghosh, Purboday and Campanelli, Keegan and Dubey, Abhishek and Karsai, Gabor}, title = {Demo: Transactive Energy Application with {RIAPS}}, booktitle = {{IEEE} 22nd International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing, {ISORC} 2019, Valencia, Spain, May 7-9, 2019}, year = {2019}, pages = {85--86}, bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}, biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/bib/conf/isorc/EiseleGCDK19}, category = {poster}, doi = {10.1109/ISORC.2019.00024}, file = {:Eisele2019-Demo_Transactive_Energy_Application_with_RIAPS.pdf:PDF}, keywords = {transactive}, project = {transactive-energy}, tag = {decentralization,power}, timestamp = {Wed, 16 Oct 2019 14:14:53 +0200}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2019.00024} }The modern electric grid is a complex, decentralized cyber-physical system requiring higher-level control techniques to balance the demand and supply of energy to optimize the overall energy usage. The concept of Transactive Energy utilizes distributed system principle to address this challenge. In this demonstration we show the usage of the distributed application management platform RIAPS in the implementation of one such Transactive Energy approach to control elements of a power system, which runs as a a simulation using the Gridlab-d simulation solver.
- A. Laszka, S. Eisele, A. Dubey, G. Karsai, and K. Kvaternik, TRANSAX: A Blockchain-Based Decentralized Forward-Trading Energy Exchanged for Transactive Microgrids, in 24th IEEE International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems, ICPADS 2018, Singapore, December 11-13, 2018, 2018, pp. 918–927.
@inproceedings{Laszka2018, author = {Laszka, Aron and Eisele, Scott and Dubey, Abhishek and Karsai, Gabor and Kvaternik, Karla}, title = {{TRANSAX:} {A} Blockchain-Based Decentralized Forward-Trading Energy Exchanged for Transactive Microgrids}, booktitle = {24th {IEEE} International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems, {ICPADS} 2018, Singapore, December 11-13, 2018}, year = {2018}, pages = {918--927}, bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}, biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/bib/conf/icpads/LaszkaEDKK18}, category = {selectiveconference}, doi = {10.1109/PADSW.2018.8645001}, file = {:Laszka2018-TRANSAX_A_Blockchain-Based_Decentralized_Forward-Trading_Energy_Exchanged_for_Transactive_Microgrids.pdf:PDF}, keywords = {transactive, blockchain}, project = {transactive-energy,cps-blockchains}, tag = {decentralization,power}, timestamp = {Wed, 16 Oct 2019 14:14:56 +0200}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/PADSW.2018.8645001} }Power grids are undergoing major changes due to rapid growth in renewable energy and improvements in battery technology. Prompted by the increasing complexity of power systems, decentralized IoT solutions are emerging, which arrange local communities into transactive microgrids. The core functionality of these solutions is to provide mechanisms for matching producers with consumers while ensuring system safety. However, there are multiple challenges that these solutions still face: privacy, trust, and resilience. The privacy challenge arises because the time series of production and consumption data for each participant is sensitive and may be used to infer personal information. Trust is an issue because a producer or consumer can renege on the promised energy transfer. Providing resilience is challenging due to the possibility of failures in the infrastructure that is required to support these market based solutions. In this paper, we develop a rigorous solution for transactive microgrids that addresses all three challenges by providing an innovative combination of MILP solvers, smart contracts, and publish-subscribe middleware within a framework of a novel distributed application platform, called Resilient Information Architecture Platform for Smart Grid. Towards this purpose, we describe the key architectural concepts, including fault tolerance, and show the trade-off between market efficiency and resource requirements.
- S. Eisele, A. Laszka, A. Mavridou, and A. Dubey, SolidWorx: A Resilient and Trustworthy Transactive Platform for Smart and Connected Communities, in IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things and Blockchains, 2018, pp. 1263–1272.
@inproceedings{Eisele2018, author = {Eisele, Scott and Laszka, Aron and Mavridou, Anastasia and Dubey, Abhishek}, title = {SolidWorx: {A} Resilient and Trustworthy Transactive Platform for Smart and Connected Communities}, booktitle = {{IEEE} International Conference on Internet of Things and Blockchains}, year = {2018}, pages = {1263--1272}, bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}, biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/bib/conf/ithings/EiseleLMD18}, category = {selectiveconference}, doi = {10.1109/Cybermatics\_2018.2018.00221}, file = {:Eisele2018-SolidWorx_A_Resilient_and_Trustworthy_Transactive_Platform_for_Smart_and_Connected_Communities.pdf:PDF}, keywords = {blockchain, transactive}, project = {cps-blockchains,transactive-energy}, tag = {decentralization,power}, timestamp = {Wed, 16 Oct 2019 14:14:56 +0200}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/Cybermatics\_2018.2018.00221} }Internet of Things and data sciences are fueling the development of innovative solutions for various applications in Smart and Connected Communities (SCC). These applications provide participants with the capability to exchange not only data but also resources, which raises the concerns of integrity, trust, and above all the need for fair and optimal solutions to the problem of resource allocation. This exchange of information and resources leads to a problem where the stakeholders of the system may have limited trust in each other. Thus, collaboratively reaching consensus on when, how, and who should access certain resources becomes problematic. This paper presents SolidWorx, a blockchain-based platform that provides key mechanisms required for arbitrating resource consumption across different SCC applications in a domain-agnostic manner. For example, it introduces and implements a hybrid-solver pattern, where complex optimization computation is handled off-blockchain while solution validation is performed by a smart contract. To ensure correctness, the smart contract of SolidWorx is generated and verified using a model-based approach.
- S. Eisele, G. Pettet, A. Dubey, and G. Karsai, Towards an architecture for evaluating and analyzing decentralized Fog applications, in IEEE Fog World Congress, FWC 2017, Santa Clara, CA, USA, October 30 - Nov. 1, 2017, 2017, pp. 1–6.
@inproceedings{Eisele2017, author = {Eisele, Scott and Pettet, Geoffrey and Dubey, Abhishek and Karsai, Gabor}, title = {Towards an architecture for evaluating and analyzing decentralized Fog applications}, booktitle = {{IEEE} Fog World Congress, {FWC} 2017, Santa Clara, CA, USA, October 30 - Nov. 1, 2017}, year = {2017}, tag = {platform,decentralization}, pages = {1--6}, bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}, biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/bib/conf/fwc/EiselePDK17}, category = {workshop}, doi = {10.1109/FWC.2017.8368531}, file = {:Eisele2017-Towards_an_architecture_for_evaluating_and_analyzing_decentralized_Fog_applications.pdf:PDF}, keywords = {middleware}, project = {cps-reliability,cps-middleware}, timestamp = {Wed, 16 Oct 2019 14:14:51 +0200}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/FWC.2017.8368531} }As the number of low cost computing devices at the edge of network increases, there are greater opportunities to enable novel, innovative capabilities, especially in decentralized cyber-physical systems. For example, in an urban setting, a set of networked, collaborating processors at the edge can be used to dynamically detect traffic densities via image processing and then use those densities to control the traffic flow by coordinating traffic light sequences, in a decentralized architecture. In this paper we describe a testbed and an application framework for such applications.
- S. Eisele, A. Dubey, G. Karsai, and S. Lukic, Transactive energy demo with RIAPS platform, in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems, ICCPS 2017, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, April 18-20, 2017, 2017, p. 91.
@inproceedings{Eisele2017a, author = {Eisele, Scott and Dubey, Abhishek and Karsai, Gabor and Lukic, Srdjan}, title = {Transactive energy demo with {RIAPS} platform}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems, {ICCPS} 2017, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, April 18-20, 2017}, year = {2017}, pages = {91}, tag = {decentralization,power}, bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}, biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/bib/conf/iccps/EiseleDKL17}, category = {poster}, doi = {10.1145/3055004.3064845}, file = {:Eisele2017a-Transactive_energy_demo_with_RIAPS_platform.pdf:PDF}, keywords = {transactive}, project = {cps-reliability,cps-middleware,transactive-energy}, timestamp = {Wed, 16 Oct 2019 14:14:57 +0200}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3055004.3064845} }This work presents a platform for decentralized distributed computing called Resilient Information Architecture for the Smart Grid (RIAPS) through a transactional energy and a traffic application.
- S. Eisele, I. Madari, A. Dubey, and G. Karsai, RIAPS: Resilient Information Architecture Platform for Decentralized Smart Systems, in 20th IEEE International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing, ISORC 2017, Toronto, ON, Canada, May 16-18, 2017, 2017, pp. 125–132.
@inproceedings{Eisele2017b, author = {Eisele, Scott and Madari, Istv{\'{a}}n and Dubey, Abhishek and Karsai, Gabor}, title = {{RIAPS:} Resilient Information Architecture Platform for Decentralized Smart Systems}, booktitle = {20th {IEEE} International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing, {ISORC} 2017, Toronto, ON, Canada, May 16-18, 2017}, year = {2017}, pages = {125--132}, bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}, biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/bib/conf/isorc/EiseleMDK17}, category = {selectiveconference}, doi = {10.1109/ISORC.2017.22}, file = {:Eisele2017b-RIAPS_Resilient_Information_Architecture_Platform_for_Decentralized_Smart_Systems.pdf:PDF}, keywords = {middleware}, project = {smart-transit,smart-cities}, tag = {platform,decentralization,power}, timestamp = {Wed, 16 Oct 2019 14:14:53 +0200}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2017.22} }The emerging Fog Computing paradigm provides an additional computational layer that enables new capabilities in real-time data-driven applications. This is especially interesting in the domain of Smart Grid as the boundaries between traditional generation, distribution, and consumer roles are blurring. This is a reflection of the ongoing trend of intelligence distribution in Smart Systems. In this paper, we briefly describe a component-based decentralized software platform called Resilient Information Architecture Platform for Smart Systems (RIAPS) which provides an infrastructure for such systems. We briefly describe some initial applications built using this platform. Then, we focus on the design and integration choices for a resilient Discovery Manager service that is a critical component of this infrastructure. The service allows applications to discover each other, work collaboratively, and ensure the stability of the Smart System.