Why This Matters

Real-world on-demand transit services face a fundamental challenge: agencies must provide prompt confirmation of whether requests can be accepted, yet future requests are unknown and will influence optimal route plans. Most prior work either provides immediate confirmation without optimizing or continuously optimizes without addressing the confirmation timing problem. This work is innovative because it bridges this gap by combining quick insertion search for rapid decision-making with continuous optimization, enabling both high service rates and operational efficiency while managing computational constraints.

What We Did

This paper introduces a novel computational approach for dynamic vehicle routing with prompt confirmation of advance requests. The work addresses the problem of on-demand transportation services that must make real-time decisions about accepting or rejecting trip requests while continuously optimizing vehicle manifests and routes. The research formulates this as a two-stage optimization problem: first deciding whether to accept or reject incoming requests with immediate response requirements, then continuously improving route plans to accommodate future requests between arrival of consecutive requests.

Key Results

The proposed computational approach demonstrates significantly better trade-offs between confirmation timeliness and service rate compared to existing methods on real-world and synthetic problem instances from a public transit agency. The anytime algorithm with continuous optimization provides prompt confirmation while also improving subsequent route plans, achieving higher service rates than approaches that simply optimize without considering confirmation requirements.

Full Abstract

Cite This Paper

@inproceedings{iccps2026_prompt_confirmation,
  author = {Sivagnanam, Amutheezan and Mukhopadhyay, Ayan and Samaranayake, Samitha and Dubey, Abhishek and Laszka, Aron},
  title = {Dynamic Vehicle Routing with Prompt Confirmation and Continual Optimization},
  year = {2026},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the HSCC/ICCPS 2026: 29th ACM International Conference on Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control and 17th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems},
  location = {Saint Malo, France},
  abstract = {Transit agencies that operate on-demand transportation services have to respond to trip requests from passengers in real time, which involves solving dynamic vehicle routing problems with pick-up and drop-off constraints. Based on discussions with public transit agencies, we observe a real-world problem that is not addressed by prior work: when trips are booked in advance (e.g., trip requests arrive a few hours in advance of their requested pick-up times), the agency needs to promptly confirm whether a request can be accepted or not, and ensure that accepted requests are served as promised. State-of-the-art computational approaches either provide prompt confirmation but lack the ability to continually optimize and improve routes for accepted requests, or they provide continual optimization but cannot guarantee serving all accepted requests. To address this gap, we introduce a novel problem formulation of dynamic vehicle routing with prompt confirmation and continual optimization. We propose a novel computational approach for this vehicle routing problem, which integrates a quick insertion search for prompt confirmation with an anytime algorithm for continual optimization. To maximize the number requests served, we train a non-myopic objective function using reinforcement learning, which guides both the insertion and the anytime algorithms towards optimal, non-myopic solutions. We evaluate our computational approach on a real-world microtransit dataset from a public transit agency in the U.S., demonstrating that our proposed approach provides prompt confirmation while significantly increasing the number of requests served compared to existing approaches.},
  keywords = {dynamic vehicle routing, on-demand transportation, prompt confirmation, optimization, stochastic requests, anytime algorithms, reinforcement learning},
  note = {Acceptance rate: 28\%; Regular Paper; Track: Systems and Applications},
  series = {HSCC/ICCPS '26}
}
Quick Info
Year 2026
Series HSCC/ICCPS '26
Keywords
dynamic vehicle routing on-demand transportation prompt confirmation optimization stochastic requests anytime algorithms reinforcement learning
Research Areas
transit planning
Search Tags

Dynamic, Vehicle, Routing, Prompt, Confirmation, Continual, Optimization, dynamic vehicle routing, on-demand transportation, prompt confirmation, optimization, stochastic requests, anytime algorithms, reinforcement learning, transit, planning, 2026, Sivagnanam, Mukhopadhyay, Samaranayake, Dubey, Laszka, HSCC/ICCPS26