An improved distance relay model with directional element, and memory polarization for TCD based fault propagation studies

R. Jain, S. M. Lukic, A. Chhokra, N. Mahadevan, Abhishek Dubey, G. Karsai

2015 North American Power Symposium (NAPS) 2015

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Why This Matters

Distance relays are critical protection components in power systems, yet conventional approaches often produce misoperations due to inaccurate impedance calculations and failure to capture cascading effects. This work is innovative because it introduces memory polarization and directional analysis simultaneously, improving relay selectivity and security. The integration of TCD models enables the reasoner to understand system-wide fault dynamics, advancing the state of practical protection device design.

What We Did

This work presents an improved distance relay model incorporating directional elements and memory polarization techniques for power system fault detection. The approach integrates Temporal Causal Diagram (TCD) analysis with OpenDSS simulation to model fault propagation behavior in electrical grids. The relay implementation combines advanced algorithms for analyzing mho elements, directional characteristics, and memory effects to enhance detection accuracy. Testing demonstrates the relay's ability to identify various fault types while minimizing false positives through dynamic impedance calculations.

Key Results

The relay model successfully detects forward and reverse faults with appropriate directional discrimination based on impedance calculations. Testing on a three-bus power system shows the relay can identify zone reaches accurately and respond with correct selectivity for different fault types. The memory-polarized approach reduces false tripping events and enables the relay to distinguish between legitimate and spurious faults through analysis of fault location and impedance values.

Full Abstract

Cite This Paper

@inproceedings{Jain2015,
  author = {Jain}, R. and {Lukic}, S. M. and {Chhokra}, A. and {Mahadevan}, N. and Dubey, Abhishek and {Karsai}, G.},
  booktitle = {2015 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)},
  title = {An improved distance relay model with directional element, and memory polarization for TCD based fault propagation studies},
  year = {2015},
  month = {oct},
  pages = {1-6},
  abstract = {Modern Power Systems have evolved into a very complex network of multiple sources, lines, breakers, loads and others. The performance of these interdependent components decide the reliability of the power systems. A tool called {\textquotedblleft}Reasoner{\textquotedblright} is being developed to deduce fault propagations using a Temporal Causal Diagram (TCD) approach. It translates the physical system as a Cause-effect model. This work discusses the development of an advanced distance relay model, which monitors the system, and challenges the operation of reasoner for refinement. Process of generation of a Fault and Discrepancy Mapping file from the test system is presented. This file is used by the reasoner to scrutinize relays' responses for active system faults, and hypothesize potential mis-operations (or cyber faults) with a confidence metric. Analyzer (relay model) is integrated to OpenDSS for fault analysis. The understanding of the system interdependency (fault propagation behavior) using reasoner can make the grid more robust against cascaded failures.},
  category = {selectiveconference},
  contribution = {minor},
  doi = {10.1109/NAPS.2015.7335206},
  file = {:Jain2015-An_improved_distance_relay_model_with_directional_element_and_memory_polarization_for_TCD_based_fault_propagation_studies.pdf:PDF},
  issn = {null},
  keywords = {power systems, distance relay, temporal causal diagrams, fault detection, mho elements, memory polarization, directional protection},
  tag = {power},
  month_numeric = {10}
}
Quick Info
Year 2015
DOI 10.1109/NAPS.2015.7335206
Keywords
power systems distance relay temporal causal diagrams fault detection mho elements memory polarization directional protection
Research Areas
energy planning
Search Tags

improved, distance, relay, model, directional, element, memory, polarization, fault, propagation, studies, power systems, distance relay, temporal causal diagrams, fault detection, mho elements, memory polarization, directional protection, energy, planning, 2015, Jain, Lukic, Chhokra, Mahadevan, Dubey, Karsai